Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion:-

• Electromechanical Energy Conversion :- Conversion of other forms of energy in electrical form have many advantages like easy control, utilise, reliable, efficient etc. An electromechanical energy conversion device is one which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice- versa.

Categories of various electromechanical energy conversion: -

(i) First category:- involves small motion, processes only low energy signals from electrical to mechanical or vice-versa. Example : telephone receivers, loud-speakers, microphone.

(ii) Second category:- consists of force or torque-producing devices with limited mechanical motion. Example: electromagnets, relays, moving-iron instruments.

(iii) Third category:- consists of continuous energy conversion devices. Example: generators and motors.

State electromechanical energy conversion. Also explain its significance:-

"Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed". One can only change its forms using appropriate energy conversion processes Energy conversion takes place between well known pairs of forms of energy.

1. Electrical- Chemical

2. Electrical -Thermal

3. Electrical- Optical

4. Electrical - Sound

5. Electrical- Mechanical

Electromechanical energy conversion is a process in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy. The main advantage of the conversion is that energy in electrical form can be transmitted, utilized and controlled more reliably, easily and efficiently. Energy conversion derives are required at path ends of an electrical system, since energy is neither available and nor required in electrical form. Electromechanical energy conversion finds application in following categories of system:

(a) Transducers: Devices for obtaining signal for measurement/control.

(b) Force-producing devices : Solenoid-actuators, relays, electromagnets.

(c) Devices for continuous-energy conversion : Motor/generator.

Principle of Electromechanical Energy Conversion in rotating machines : - 

When energy is converted from one form to another, the principle of conversion of energy can be evoked. According to this principle, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can merely be converted from one form to another. In an energy conversion device, out of the total input energy, some energy is converted into the required form, some energy is stored and the rest is dissipated. In view of this, the energy balance equation must include these energy terms, and for a motor, it is:

(Total Electrical Energy Input) = (Mechanical Energy Output) + (Total Energy Stored) + (Total Energy Dissipated)

For generator action,

(Total Mechanical Energy Input) = (Electrical Energy Output) + (Total Energy Stored) + (Total Energy Dissipated)

So, the principle of en rgy conversion is based on energy balance. For a rotating machine

W elec. = W mech. - W fld.

Where,

W elect. → net electrical energy input

Wmech→ energy converted into mechanical form

Wfld.→ stored energy + energy losses (change in magnetic stored energy).

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